Cross Rivers Safely While Hiking

River crossings are one of the most challenging and potentially dangerous obstacles hikers can encounter on the trail. Whether trekking through remote backcountry or navigating well-established trails, understanding how to cross rivers safely is essential for avoiding injuries, hypothermia, and accidents.

In this guide, we’ll cover step-by-step techniques for safe river crossings, key gear recommendations, and important precautions to take when facing water crossings during a hike.

Why River Crossings Are Risky

Before stepping into any river, it’s critical to assess the potential dangers, including:

• Strong Currents – Water moving faster than 4 mph can knock a hiker off their feet.
• Cold Temperatures – Cold water can cause hypothermia in minutes.
• Slippery Rocks and Unstable Ground – Hidden debris and algae-covered stones increase the risk of falls.
• Sudden Water Level Changes – Heavy rain, dam releases, and snowmelt can cause rapid water level increases.
• Deep Sections – Water deeper than knee-height significantly increases the difficulty of crossing.

Step-by-Step Guide to Safe River Crossings

Follow these steps to cross a river as safely as possible:

1. Assess the River Before Crossing

• Look for an Alternative – Before entering the water, search upstream and downstream for a bridge, log, or shallower area.
• Gauge the Depth – The safest crossing points are shallow sections (below knee level) with a gravel or sandy bottom.
• Check the Current Speed – Throw a stick or leaf into the water and see how fast it moves. If it moves faster than a slow walk, consider another crossing point.
• Identify Exit Points – Before crossing, ensure there’s a clear and safe way to climb out on the opposite bank.
• Look for Hazards – Avoid:
  • Whitewater or rapids
  • Deep pools
  • Overhanging trees or strainers (fallen branches that trap people underwater)

2. Prepare for the Crossing

• Loosen Backpack Straps – Unbuckle your waist and chest straps to allow for a quick release if you fall.
• Use Trekking Poles or a Sturdy Stick – A pole provides three points of contact for stability.
• Wear Proper Footwear – Do not cross barefoot. Wet hiking boots, river sandals, or water shoes provide grip and foot protection.
• Secure Electronics and Essentials – Store valuables in waterproof bags inside your backpack.
• Cross During Low Flow Times – River levels are typically lowest in the morning before snowmelt or rain runoff increases water flow.

3. Use the Right Crossing Technique

Solo Crossing

• Face slightly upstream and side-step across, maintaining three points of contact (both feet and a pole).
• Keep knees slightly bent to absorb movement from the current.
• Use a wide stance to stay balanced.

Group Crossing (Stronger Current)

• Linked Arms Method:
  • Cross as a group by linking arms, facing upstream in a triangle formation.
  • The strongest hiker should be upstream to block the current.
• Line Method:
  • Hikers hold onto each other’s backpacks in a single-file line.
  • The strongest hiker leads, breaking the current for others.

4. What to Do If You Fall

Even with precautions, accidents can happen. Here’s what to do:

• Let Go of Your Backpack if it pulls you under.
• Float on Your Back with feet pointing downstream.
• Steer with Your Arms and look for a calm exit point.
• Do Not Stand Up in Fast Water – Crawl or swim to the shore first.

5. Dry Off and Warm Up

After crossing:

• Wring out socks and clothing to reduce the risk of hypothermia.
• Warm up immediately by putting on dry layers if needed.
• Reassess Your Route – Wet boots may slow you down, so plan accordingly.

Gear for Safe River Crossings

Investing in the right gear makes river crossings safer. Recommended items include:

When Not to Cross

There are times when crossing is too dangerous, and it’s best to turn back or find another route:

❌ Water is above thigh level
❌ The current is too fast to stand upright
❌ There are logs, strainers, or rapids downstream
❌ Heavy rain is expected, which could raise water levels
❌ The riverbed is unstable, deep, or full of debris

Alternative Solutions:

• Find a better crossing point upstream or downstream.
• Wait for lower water levels if safe to do so.
• Turn back or reroute rather than risk an unsafe crossing.

Conclusion

River crossings are a crucial skill for hikers, but they require careful planning, preparation, and technique. By assessing water conditions, using the right gear, and following safe crossing methods, you can navigate rivers with confidence while minimizing risk.

Before heading out, practice in shallow streams or controlled environments to build confidence. Stay safe and always prioritize your well-being over making progress on the trail.